Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (3/294)

Section

This blood money, too, forms part of the victim’s estate: his heirs inherit it, and his debts are paid from it. His bequests, however, do not extend to it, because it is property of which he had no knowledge. If he pardons his killer, his pardon is valid against his entire estate and is not limited to one third. Al-Shāfiʿī held that blood money for intentional killing, if accepted, is like that for quasi-intentional killing: it consists of three groups—thirty three-year-old she-camels, thirty four-year-old she-camels, and forty pregnant she-camels. Thus, he recognizes two types of blood money: blood money for accidental killing, divided into five groups; and blood money for quasi-intentional killing and for intentional killing, if accepted, divided into three groups. Success rests with Allah.

Section
On Aggravated Blood Money

As for aggravated blood money, in cases such as what al-Mudlahī did to his son, and in quasi-intentional killing according to the Iraqi scholars’ report from Mālik, camel owners owe three groups: thirty three-year-old she-camels, thirty four-year-old she-camels, and forty pregnant she-camels carrying their young. It is payable immediately from the killer’s own property, without deferment.

Ibn al-Mājishūn, Ashhab, and Sahnūn said that it is payable by the ʿāqila (the kin responsible for paying blood money), because such killing is treated as accidental. They cited as evidence ʿUmar ibn al-Khattāb’s words to Surāqa ibn Juʿshum: “Have one hundred and twenty camels ready for me at the watering place of Qudayd.” Surāqa was not the killer’s father, but rather the chief of the people. This indicates that he was instructed to provide them from the property of the killer’s people. Ibn Habīb related from Mutarrif that it is payable from the killer’s own property if he has any, and by the ʿāqila if he has none.

Section

If the killer is one whose wealth consists of gold or silver, there are two reports on the matter:

The first is that the blood money is not aggravated, nor is it increased by the difference in value between the camel age categories.

فصل وهى أيضا موروثة عن المقتول يرثها ورثته ويقضي منها دينه إلا أنه لا تدخل فيها الوصايا لأنه مال لم يعلم به. وإن عفا عن دمه جاز ذلك من رأس ماله ولم يكن من ثلثه. وذهب الشافعي إلى أن دية العمد إن قبلت كدية شبه العمد مثلثة ثلاثون حقة وثلاثون جذعة وأربعون خلفة. فالديات عنده ديتان دية الخطأ مخمسة، ودية شبه العمد ودية العمد إن قبلت مثلثة وبالله التوفيق. فصل في الدية المغلظة وأما الدية المغلظة في مثل ما صنع المدلحي بابنه وفي شبه العمد على رواية العراقيين عن مالك فإن على أهل الإبل مثلثة: ثلاثون حقة، وثلاثون جذعة، وأربعون خلفة في بطونها أولادها، حالة في مال القاتل غير مؤجلة. وقال ابن الماجشون وأشهب وسحنون: إنها على العاقلة لأنها نزلت منزلة الخطأ، واحتجوا بقول عمر بن الخطاب لسراقة بن جعشم أعدد لي على ماء قديد عشرين ومائة من الإبل، وسراقة لم يكن أبا القاتل وإنما كان سيد القوم. فدل ذلك على أنه إنما أمره أن يعدها له من أموال قوم القاتل. وحكى ابن حبيب عن مطرف أنها في ماله إن كان له مال، وعلى العاقلة إن لم يكن له مال. فصل فإن كان من أهل الذهب والورق ففي ذلك روايتان: إحداهما: أنها لا تغلظ ولا يزاد فيها بفضل ما بين الأسنان.