Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (3/293)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

accidentally inherits none of the blood money. “ʿUmar ibn al-Khattāb did not allow a wife to inherit any share of the blood money until al-Dahhāk ibn Sufyān al-Kilābī informed him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had written to him instructing him to give the wife of Ashyam al-Dibābī her inheritance from her husband’s blood money.” He had been killed accidentally. ʿUmar ruled accordingly, as did those after him. There was no disagreement over this except for a contrary view reported from some of the literalists. Success rests with Allah.

Section
On Blood Money for Intentional Killing

Blood money for intentional killing has no fixed or specified amount. The evidence for this is Allah’s statement:

“But if anyone is granted any remission by his brother, then let the claim be pursued fairly.” [Al-Baqarah: 178]

The word shayʾ (“anything”) is indefinite and encompasses both small and large amounts.

Section

If they agree to blood money without further specification, it is payable immediately from the killer’s own property. For camel owners, it consists of one hundred camels divided into four equal groups: twenty-five one-year-old she-camels, twenty-five two-year-old she-camels, twenty-five three-year-old she-camels, and twenty-five four-year-old she-camels. For those whose wealth consists of gold, it is one thousand dinars; for those whose wealth consists of silver, twelve thousand dirhams.

The blood money payable by those whose wealth consists of gold or silver is not increased by the difference in value between the camel age categories prescribed for accidental and intentional killing, as is done with aggravated blood money divided into three age categories. This is Ibn al-Qāsim’s position and his report from Mālik. Yahyā, however, narrated from Ashhab that it is increased by the difference in value between the camel age categories prescribed for accidental and intentional killing. The same position as Ibn al-Qāsim’s and his report from Mālik is also transmitted from Ibn Nāfiʿ, and this is the apparent purport of al-Mudawwana. It has also been reported from Mālik that when blood money for intentional killing is accepted without further specification, it is payable over three years. The former, however, is the well-known position in the school.

الخطأ لا يرث من الدية. وقد «كان عمر بن الخطاب لا يورث المرأة من الدية شيئا حتى أخبره الضحاك بن سفيان الكلابي أن رسول الله ﷺ كتب إليه أن يورث امرأة أشيم الضبابي من دية زوجها» وكان قتل خطأ، فقضى بذلك هو والناس بعده ولم يختلفوا في ذلك إلا ما روي عن بعض أهل الظاهر من الخلاف في ذلك وبالله التوفيق. فصل في دية العمد وأما دية العمد فليست بمؤقتة ولا معلومة. والدليل على ذلك قول الله تعالى: ﴿فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٨] وشيء نكرة يقع على القليل والكثير. فصل فإن اصطلحوا على الدية مبهمة فإن الدية تكون في ماله حالة مائة من الإبل على أهل الإبل مربعة، خمس وعشرون بنت مخاض، وخمس وعشرون بنت لبون، وخمس وعشرون حقة، وخمس وعشرون جذعة. وعلى أهل الذهب ألف دينار، وعلى أهل الورق اثنا عشر ألف درهم. ولا تغلظ الدية على أهل الذهب والورق بفضل ما بين أسنان دية الخطأ ودية العمد كما يفعل في دية التغليظ المثلثة في مذهب ابن القاسم وروايته عن مالك. وروى يحيى عن أشهب أنها تغلظ بفضل ما بين أسنان دية الخطأ ودية العمد. وعن ابن نافع مثل قول ابن القاسم وروايته عن مالك، وهو ظاهر ما في المدونة. وقد روي عن مالك أن دية العمد إذا قبلت مبهمة تكون في ثلاث سنين، والأول هو المشهور في المذهب.