Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (3/274)

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Allah set an example for His believing servants in the account He related of the two sons of Adam mentioned above, so that they might follow the example of the God-fearing one. He, exalted is He, informed His servants that killing a person without right is as grave a sin as killing all mankind, leaving them no excuse and establishing the proof against them. He, Almighty and Majestic, said:

“For that reason We ordained for the Children of Israel that whoever kills a person—unless in retribution for murder or for spreading corruption in the land—it is as if he had killed all mankind.” [al-Mā’idah: 32] To the end of the verse.

It is reported that Mujāhid said: “Allah has made Hell the recompense of anyone who kills a believer without right; He is angry with him, has cursed him, and has prepared a tremendous punishment for him. Were he to kill all creation, his punishment would be no greater than that. Whatever Allah describes as tremendous, none but He, Almighty and Majestic, knows its full magnitude.”

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Killing is a tremendous sin, among the gravest sins, the most serious transgressions, and the greatest major sins. Apart from associating partners with Allah, no sin is greater in His sight. It is reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Among the gravest sins are that you set up a rival to Allah when He created you, then that you kill your child for fear that he will share your food, then that you commit adultery with your neighbour’s wife.”

It is reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Whoever takes part in shedding a Muslim’s blood, even with half a word, will come on the Day of Resurrection with ‘Despairing of Allah’s mercy’ written between his eyes”—or words to that effect, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

It is also reported that he said: “Whoever meets Allah without having associated partners with Him or killed anyone will meet Allah with a light burden.” The reports concerning killing are numerous, and what appears in the Quran is sufficient.

فصل وضرب الله لعباده المؤمنين مثلا فيما قص عليهم من نبإ ابني آدم المذكورين ليتأسوا بفعل المتقي منهما، وأعلم ﵎ عباده أن قتل النفس بغير حق كقتل جميع الخلق في عظم الإثم إعذارا إليهم لتقوم الحجة بذلك عليهم، فقال ﷿: ﴿مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا﴾ [المائدة: ٣٢] الآية. وروي عن مجاهد قال: جعل الله جزاء من قتل نفسا مؤمنة بغير حق جهنم وغضب عليه ولعنه وأعد له عذابا عظيما، فلو قتل جميع الخلق لم يزد من العذاب على ذلك، وما سماه الله عظيما فلا يعلم قدره إلا هو ﷿. فصل فالقتل ذنب عظيم من أعظم الذنوب وأجل الخطايا وأكبر الكبائر ليس بعد الشرك ذنب أعظم منه عند الله. وروي عن النبي ﵇ أنه قال: «من أعظم الذنوب أن تجعل لله ندا وهو خلقك ثم أن تقتل ولدك خشية أن يطعم معك، ثم أن تزني بحليلة جارك». وروي عن النبي ﷺ أنه قال: «من شارك في دم امرئ مسلم بشطر كلمة جاء يوم القيامة وبين عينيه مكتوب آيس من رحمة الله» أو كما قال ﷺ. وروي عنه أنه قال: «من لقي الله ولم يشرك ولم يقتل لقي الله خفيف الظهر» والأخبار الواردة في القتل كثيرة، وكفى من ذلك ما جاء في القرآن.