Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

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According to his view that the apostate’s status at the time of the act is considered for both retaliation and blood money, if he intentionally killed a Muslim or a Christian, he is executed in retaliation for either, since he was an unbeliever when liability arose, and an unbeliever may be executed in retaliation for killing either an unbeliever or a Muslim. If he killed either of them accidentally, the blood money is payable by the Muslims, because they were his heirs at the time of the offence and he then had no group responsible for paying blood money on his behalf.

According to his view that the apostate’s status at the time of judgment is considered for both retaliation and blood money, if he killed a Muslim, he is executed in retaliation. If he killed a Christian, he is not executed in retaliation, because a Muslim is not executed for killing a Christian; instead, the blood money is payable from his own property. If he killed either of them accidentally, the blood money is payable by the group responsible for paying it on his behalf, because at the time of judgment he is a Muslim with such a group, which therefore pays the blood money due for his offences.

The rulings on his offences follow the same reasoning under the third view, which distinguishes between retaliation and blood money. Success comes from Allah alone; He has no partner.

فصل فعلى قوله الذي نظر إلى حالة المرتد يوم الفعل في الجناية والدية إن كان قتل مسلما أو نصرانيا عمدا أقيد منه بهما لأنه كان كافرا يوم العقل، والكافر يقتل بالكافر والمسلم. وإن كان قتلهما خطأ كانت الدية على المسلمين لأنهم ورثته يوم الجناية ولا عاقلة له حينئذ. وعلى قوله الذي نظر إلى حاله يوم الحكم في الجناية والدية إن كان قتل مسلما أقيد منه به، وإن كان قتل نصرانيا لم يقد منه لأن المسلم لا يقتل بالنصراني وكانت ديته في ماله، وإن كان قتلهما خطأ كانت الدية على العاقلة لأنه يوم الحكم مسلم له عاقلة فعقل عنه جناياته. وعلى هذا القياس يجري حكم جناياته على القول الثالث الذي فرق فيه بين الجناية والدية، وبالله التوفيق لا شريك له.

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