say that it is not to be cut off for less than four dirhams. Others say that it is not to be cut off for less than five dirhams. Others say that it is not to be cut off for less than ten dirhams. Others say that it is not to be cut off for less than one dinar. Others say that it is not to be cut off for less than one dinar or ten dirhams. These are ten positions. The soundest is that of Mālik and those who followed him: a thief’s hand is not to be cut off [for less than] three dirhams by measure, even if this exceeds a quarter of a dinar. Whoever steals something other than silver or gold is not subject to amputation unless its value reaches three dirhams. Stolen property is not valued in gold, for the transmitted reports support his position, reinforce it, and attest to its soundness.
It is established that “the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, cut off a thief’s hand for a shield worth three dirhams,” and that he said:
“There is no amputation for fruit hanging on trees or livestock grazing on a mountain. Once the livestock has been brought into the enclosure and the fruit into the drying floor, amputation applies to what reaches the value of a shield.”
These words of his, peace be upon him, indicate that stolen property is valued in dirhams, not dinars. This is also what ʿUthmān, may Allah be pleased with him, did concerning the citron that he had valued in dirhams. Its value reached three dirhams, at an exchange rate of twelve dirhams to one dinar, so he had the thief’s hand cut off.
ʿĀ’ishah said: “Not so much time has passed, nor have I forgotten: amputation is for a quarter of a dinar or more.” This refers to someone who steals gold itself, not someone who steals something worth a quarter of a dinar. For when someone steals goods requiring valuation, the Sunnah is to value them in dirhams, according to his established statement, peace and blessings be upon him: “Amputation applies to what reaches the value of a shield.”
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Furthermore, dirhams and dinars are each an independent standard; neither is assessed in terms of the other, since both serve as payment for goods and as measures of compensation for destroyed property. Theft, unlike other cases of property loss, is specifically subject to valuation in dirhams rather than dinars, on the basis of the Sunnah mentioned above.