Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (1/139)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

supplication, although Islamic law has restricted it to a particular form of supplication accompanied by prescribed actions, such as standing, sitting, bowing, prostrating, reciting, and the like.

Section

Prayer is one of the defining practices of Islam. It falls into five categories: individual obligations, collective obligations, Sunnah prayers, meritorious prayers, and voluntary prayers. The individual obligations are the five daily prayers, which Allah Most High has enjoined upon His servants. He has affirmed their obligation in numerous verses of His Book, threatened punishment for neglecting them, and commanded that they be diligently observed. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“Establish prayer and give zakat.” [Al-Baqarah: 43]

He also says:

“They were commanded only to worship Allah, sincerely devoting their religion to Him, being upright in faith, and to establish prayer and give zakat.” [Al-Bayyinah: 5]

Allah Most High says:

“Successful indeed are the believers,” [Al-Mu’minūn: 1] “those who are humble in their prayer.” [Al-Mu’minūn: 2]

Allah Most High says:

“Have you seen the one who forbids” [Al-‘Alaq: 9] “a servant when he prays?” [Al-‘Alaq: 10]

Allah Most High says:

“What brought you into Saqar?” [Al-Muddaththir: 42] “They will say, ‘We were not among those who prayed,’” [Al-Muddaththir: 43] “‘nor did we feed the poor.’” [Al-Muddaththir: 44]

Allah Most High says:

“Indeed, prayer has been prescribed for the believers at appointed times.” [Al-Nisā’: 103]

He, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“They neglected prayer and followed their desires, so they will meet with ruin.” [Maryam: 59]

Allah Most High says:

“Diligently observe the prayers, especially the middle prayer, and stand before Allah in devout obedience.” [Al-Baqarah: 238]

الدعاء إلا أن الشرع قد خصها في نوع من الدعاء على وجه مخصوص تقترن به أفعال مشروعة من قيام وجلوس وركوع وسجود وقراءة وما أشبه ذلك. فصل فالصلاة من معالم الإسلام، وهي تنقسم على خمسة أقسام: منها فرض واجب من فروض الأعيان، ومنها فرض على الكفاية، ومنها سنة، ومنها فضيلة، ومنها نافلة. فأما الفرض المتعين على الأعيان فهي الصلوات الخمس أوجبها الله تعالى على عباده وذكر فرضها في آيات متعددة من كتابه، وتوعد على إضاعتها، وأمر بالمحافظة عليها، فقال الله ﷿: ﴿وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ﴾ [البقرة: ٤٣]، وقال: ﴿وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ﴾ [البينة: ٥]، وقال تعالى: ﴿قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ [المؤمنون: ١] ﴿الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ﴾ [المؤمنون: ٢]، وقال تعالى: ﴿أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَى﴾ [العلق: ٩] ﴿عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّى﴾ [العلق: ١٠]، وقال تعالى: ﴿مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِي سَقَرَ﴾ [المدثر: ٤٢] ﴿قَالُوا لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ﴾ [المدثر: ٤٣] ﴿وَلَمْ نَكُ نُطْعِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ﴾ [المدثر: ٤٤]، وقال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَوْقُوتًا﴾ [النساء: ١٠٣]، وقال ﷿: ﴿أَضَاعُوا الصَّلاةَ وَاتَّبَعُوا الشَّهَوَاتِ فَسَوْفَ يَلْقَوْنَ غَيًّا﴾ [مريم: ٥٩]، وقال تعالى: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨].