to the patrons of his patron’s maternal grandmother. If he has no patrons through his patron’s mother, his inheritance belongs to the Muslim community by virtue of the bond of Islam.

Section

If the deceased man was free and had never been emancipated, patronage belongs to the second patron, namely the patron who emancipated his father, and thereafter to whoever is entitled to it through him, in accordance with the rules established by the Sunnah for inheritance through patronage, as we have described. If his father was also free and had never been emancipated, patronage belongs to his paternal grandfather’s patron. If his paternal grandfather was free and had never been emancipated, his patronage belongs to the patrons of his paternal great-grandfather. If his paternal great-grandfather was a slave or an unbeliever, had disavowed his son—the paternal grandfather—through sworn imprecation, or his son had been born of fornication, patronage belongs to the patrons of his paternal grandfather’s mother.

If his paternal grandfather was a slave or an unbeliever, had disavowed his son—the father—through sworn imprecation, or his child had been born of fornication, patronage belongs to the patrons of his paternal grandmother. If his paternal grandmother was free and had never been emancipated, patronage belongs to the patrons of his paternal grandmother’s father. If his paternal grandmother’s father was a slave or an unbeliever, had disavowed his daughter—the paternal grandmother—through sworn imprecation, or his daughter had been born of fornication, patronage belongs to the patrons of his paternal grandmother’s mother. This is the continuing order of patronage through the father’s patrons and those of his forebears, both male and female.

Section

If the deceased man was free and had never been emancipated, but had no established paternal lineage—having been born of fornication or having had his paternity disavowed through sworn imprecation—or if none of his forefathers was a free Muslim, his patronage belongs to the third patron, namely his mother’s patron, and thereafter to whoever is entitled to it through him, in accordance with the rules established by the Sunnah for inheritance through patronage. We have already explained this.

If his mother was free and had never been emancipated, patronage belongs to the patrons of his maternal grandfather, and thereafter to whoever is entitled to it through them. If his maternal grandfather was a slave or an unbeliever, had disavowed his daughter through sworn imprecation, or his daughter had been born of fornication, patronage belongs to the patrons of his maternal grandmother, and thereafter to whoever is entitled to it through them. If the mother was free and had never been emancipated, patronage belongs to the patrons of his maternal grandmother’s father, and thereafter to whoever is entitled to it through them. If the father of