Capital partnerships;
labor partnerships;
and credit-based partnerships, also called liability partnerships.

Capital partnerships are permissible in principle according to the entire Muslim community. Their permissibility is established by the Quran and the Sunnah. The Quranic evidence is Allah Most High’s statement:

“Send one of you to the city with this silver money of yours, and let him find which food is purest and bring you some provisions from it.” [al-Kahf: 19]

Among the evidence from the Sunnah is the report from Sulaymān ibn Abī Muslim, who said:

“I asked Abū al-Minhāl about currency exchange with immediate exchange of possession. He replied, ‘My partner and I made a purchase, partly with immediate exchange and partly on deferred terms. Al-Barā’ ibn ‘Āzib came to us, and we asked him about it. He said, “My partner Zayd ibn Arqam and I did that, and we asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about it. He said: ‘Accept whatever was exchanged immediately, and return whatever was deferred.’”’”

There is also the following report:

“‘Abd Allah ibn Hishām’s mother, Zaynab bint Humayd, brought him to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, ‘Messenger of Allah, accept his pledge of allegiance.’ He replied, ‘He is young,’ then stroked his head and prayed for him. ‘Abd Allah ibn Hishām would go to the market and buy food. Ibn ‘Umar and Ibn al-Zubayr would meet him and say, ‘Let us share in your purchase, for the Prophet, peace be upon him, prayed that you would be blessed.’ So he would let them share. Sometimes one of them would acquire a camel just as it was and send it home.”

Section

More specifically, capital partnerships fall into three categories:
mufāwada partnerships;
mudāraba partnerships;
and ‘inān partnerships.

A mufāwada partnership is one in which each partner’s transactions are binding upon the other, and both share equally in everything they acquire, so that neither acquires anything without the other being his partner