Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (3/22)

Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

to take a share of the slave equal to the portion that would have been sold to cover his capital and share of the profit, he is not entitled to do so, according to Asbagh’s transmission from Ibn al-Qāsim in the Book of Wills. If he wishes instead to claim his capital and share of the profit as a personal debt owed by the working partner, with the slave being emancipated on the working partner’s account, he is entitled to do so by analogy with Ibn al-Qāsim’s view.

Section

If the working partner knowingly purchases someone who becomes free upon entering his ownership, while insolvent and with no profit, the person is not to be emancipated with his value becoming a personal debt owed by the working partner, unless the capital provider chooses and accepts this arrangement. Rather, the person is sold and the proceeds are handed over to the capital provider. If, however, the purchase price exceeded the sale proceeds, the capital provider may claim the excess as a personal debt owed by the working partner, since the latter accepted this liability when he knowingly made the purchase.

Section

If the working partner unknowingly purchases someone who becomes free upon entering his ownership, while solvent and with a profit, his share of the person is emancipated, and he must pay the assessed value of the remaining share on the day of the ruling. This is the same ruling as that concerning a slave jointly owned by two partners when one of them, being solvent, emancipates his share. This is the meaning of the statement in the book that the person is emancipated and the working partner repays the capital provider his capital and profit. Ibn al-Qāsim and al-Mughīra do not disagree on this. They differ only when the working partner makes the purchase knowingly: Ibn al-Qāsim takes his knowledge into account and requires him to pay the greater amount, whereas al-Mughīra does not take it into account and requires him to pay the capital provider only his capital and share of the profit as assessed on the day of the ruling, as explained above.

Section

If the working partner unknowingly purchases someone who becomes free upon entering his ownership, while solvent and with no profit, the person is sold and the capital provider is paid what is due to him.

Section

The same applies if the working partner is insolvent, since in this case there is no difference between solvency and insolvency.

رب المال أن يأخذ من العبد برأس ماله وحصته من الربح ما كان يباع له منه لو بيع لم يكن ذلك له على ما في سماع أصبغ عن ابن القاسم من كتاب الوصايا. وإن أراد أن يتبعه برأس ماله وحصته من الربح دينا في ذمته ويعتق عليه كان ذلك له على قياس قوله. فصل وأما إذا اشترى من يعتق عليه وهو عالم معسر ولا ربح فيه فلا يعتق عليه ويتبع بقيمته دينا في ذمته، إلا أن يشاء ذلك رب المال ويرضى به، ولكن يباع ويسلم الثمن إلى رب المال، إلا أن يكون ثمنه الذي اشتراه به أكثر فيكون لرب المال أن يتبع العامل في ذمته بالزائد لأنه قد رضي بذلك حين اشتراه وهو يعلم. فصل وأما إذا اشترى من يعتق عليه وهو غير عالم موسر وفيه ربح فإنه يعتق عليه نصيبه ويقوم عليه سائره يوم الحكم، كحكم العبد بين الشريكين يعتق أحدهما نصيبه منه وهو موسر. وهذا معنى قوله في الكتاب إنه يعتق عليه ويرد إلى رب المال رأس ماله وربحه. ولا اختلاف في هذا بين ابن القاسم والمغيرة، وإنما اختلفا إذا علم، فابن القاسم يراعي علمه ويوجب عليه الأكثر، والمغيرة لا يراعيه فلا يوجب عليه لرب المال إلا رأس ماله وحصته من الربح يوم الحكم على ما تقدم. فصل وأما إذا اشترى من يعتق عليه وهو غير عالم موسر ولا ربح فيه فإنه يباع ويدفع إلى رب المال ماله. فصل وكذلك إن كان معسرا، إذ لا فرق في هذا الوجه بين الموسر والمعسر.