Al-Muqaddimāt al-Mumahhidāt - Ibn Rush al-Jadd - (2/487)

Book of Forcible Seizure

Section
The Occurrence of the Word Ghasb (Forcible Seizure) in the Quran

Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“As for the ship, it belonged to poor people working at sea” [al-Kahf: 79], up to His words “by force”—meaning every sound ship, by force. It has also been recited: “And ahead of them was a king who seized every sound ship by force.” That is why al-Khidr damaged it—may Allah bless our Prophet and him. In the reading of Ibn Mas‘ūd and Ubayy ibn Ka‘b, it reads: “every serviceable ship by force.”

Section

Unlawfully taking property itself falls into seven categories, each with its own particular ruling. All are prohibited by the Quran, the Sunnah, and the consensus of the Muslim community. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“Do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not love transgressors.” [al-Baqara: 190]

He also says:

“Do not deprive people of what is rightfully theirs, nor spread corruption in the land.” [Hūd: 85]

And He says:

“O you who believe, do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly, but only through trade by mutual consent” [al-Nisā’: 29], up to His words: “And that is easy for Allah.” [al-Nisā’: 30]

And He says:

“Do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly, nor offer it to the judges” [al-Baqara: 188]

كتاب الغصب فصل في وجود لفظ الغصب في القرآن قال الله ﷿: ﴿أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي الْبَحْرِ﴾ [الكهف: ٧٩] إلى قوله غصبا أي كل سفينة صحيحة غصبا، وقد قريء وكان أمامهم ملك يأخذ كل سفينة صحيحة غصبا. ولذلك خرقها الخضر - صلى الله على نبينا وعليه. وفي حرف بن مسعود وأبي بن كعب: كل سفينة صالحة غصبا. فصل فالتعدي على رقاب الأموال بالأخذ لها ينقسم على سبعة أقسام، لكل قسم منها حكم يختص به، وهي كلها محرمة بالكتاب والسنة وإجماع الأمة؛ قال الله ﷿: ﴿وَلا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٩٠]. وقال: ﴿وَلا تَبْخَسُوا النَّاسَ أَشْيَاءَهُمْ وَلا تَعْثَوْا فِي الأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ﴾ [هود: ٨٥]. وقال: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ [النساء: ٢٩] إلى قوله: ﴿وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا﴾ [النساء: ٣٠] وقال: ﴿وَلا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتُدْلُوا بِهَا إِلَى الْحُكَّامِ﴾ [البقرة: ١٨٨]