Al-Muqaddimāt al-MumahhidātIbn Rush al-Jadd

—I have none. Prayer, too, is among the secrets: a person may, if he wishes, say, ‘I have prayed,’ when he has not prayed.” Among the secrets are also the things hidden in people’s hearts, for which Allah recompenses His servants. Concerning this, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“Whether you reveal what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allah will call you to account for it” [al-Baqarah: 284].

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As for trusts between created beings, these consist of deposits and similar things that people entrust to one another. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says:

“O you who believe, do not betray Allah and the Messenger, nor knowingly betray your trusts” [al-Anfāl: 27].

He also says:

“Indeed, Allah commands you to return trusts to their rightful owners” [al-Nisā’: 58].

“If one of you trusts another, let the one entrusted discharge his trust, and let him fear Allah, his Lord” [al-Baqarah: 283].

“Among the People of the Scripture are those who, if you entrust them with a great sum, will return it to you; yet among them are those who, if you entrust them with a single dinar, will not return it to you unless you constantly stand over them” [Āl ‘Imrān: 75].

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Return what has been entrusted to you to the one who entrusted it to you, and do not betray one who betrays you.”

Discharging trusts is among the signs of faith and the deeds of believers. Betrayal is among the signs of hypocrisy and the deeds of the wicked. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There are three traits: whoever possesses them is a thorough hypocrite, and whoever possesses one of them has a trait of hypocrisy until he abandons it: when he speaks, he lies,

فلا، والصلاة من السرائر - إن شاء قال: صليت ولم يصل؛ ومن السرائر ما في القلوب يجزي الله بها العباد؛ ومن ذلك قول الله ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٤]. فصل وأما الأمانة التي بين المخلوقين، فهي الودائع وما أشبهها من الأمانات التي يأتمن الناس بعضهم بعضا فيها؛ قال الله ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَخُونُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٢٧]. وقال: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا﴾ [النساء: ٥٨]. وقال: ﴿فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٣] وقال: ﴿وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَنْ إِنْ تَأْمَنْهُ بِقِنْطَارٍ يُؤَدِّهِ إِلَيْكَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ إِنْ تَأْمَنْهُ بِدِينَارٍ لا يُؤَدِّهِ إِلَيْكَ إِلا مَا دُمْتَ عَلَيْهِ قَائِمًا﴾ [آل عمران: ٧٥]. وقال رسول الله ﷺ: «أد الأمانة إلى من ائتمنك ولا تخن من خانك»، وأداء الأمانات من علامات الإيمان وعمل المؤمنين. والخيانة من علامة النفاق وعمل الفساق؛ وقال رسول الله ﷺ: «ثلاث من كن فيه كان منافقا خالصا، ومن كانت فيه خصلة منهن كانت فيه خصلة من النفاق حتى يدعها: إذا حدث كذب،

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