“And lawful to you are all others” [al-Nisā’: 24].
Some who hold this view have also cited the poet’s words:
Our sons are the sons of our sons; as for our daughters,
Their sons are the sons of men of other lineages.
This provides no evidence for their position. The poet merely means that the male children of his sons have the legal status of his own sons with respect to inheritance and lineage, whereas his daughters’ children do not have his daughters’ legal status in these matters: their lineage is traced not to him but to others. He thus describes a difference in their legal status, although they share the same designation. He does not deny that daughters’ children are called children, for he says only, “As for our daughters, their sons are the sons of men of other lineages.” Those who cite his words as evidence infer that he meant, “They are not our sons.” Yet this does not deny them the designation “children”; rather, it is a subtle metaphor. It resembles a man saying of his own child, “He is no son of mine, since he neither obeys me nor acknowledges my rights.” He does not mean to deny that he is his child, but only to deny him the standing of one.
Anyone who cites this verse as evidence that a daughter’s child is not called a child has distorted its meaning, deprived it of its point, and attributed to its author an untenable meaning. In Arabic, it cannot be that a son’s child is called a son while a daughter’s child is not. Indeed, the relationship of birth from which the designation “child” is derived is clearer and stronger in the latter case: a daughter’s child is hers through actually giving birth, whereas a son’s child is his only through his contribution to what brought about the birth.
Mālik—may Allah have mercy on him—did not exclude daughters’ children from an endowment established for one’s children because he considered the word “child” inapplicable to them in Arabic. Rather, he excluded them by analogy with inheritance, recognizing the designation “child” in Islamic law as applying to those entitled to inheritance and recognized lineage, rather than those without such entitlement—as we explained earlier. And Allah grants success.