under a loan, against goods likewise owed under a loan.

If both debts arise from salam contracts, one paid for in dinars and the other in dirhams, he may not sell the goods to the debtor before taking possession of them for either dinars or dirhams, for the reasons already explained. He may, however, sell them to the debtor for goods of a different kind if the debt has not yet fallen due, or for whatever goods he wishes if it has fallen due.

He may sell them to someone other than the debtor for whatever dinars, dirhams or goods of a different kind he wishes, provided he receives the payment immediately. He may not sell them for goods of the same kind in a smaller or larger quantity, even if he receives those goods immediately, unless he too delivers the goods immediately, so that the exchange takes place hand to hand, as in currency exchange.

If each party paid the same amount in dinars or dirhams for his goods under the salam contract, he may sell the goods to the debtor for that amount or less, but not for more. Otherwise, the transaction would involve advancing dinars or dirhams in return for a larger amount payable at a later date. If one party paid more for his goods than the other paid for his, he may sell the goods against which his debt was transferred only for an amount equal to or less than the lower of the two prices. He may not sell them for more than either price, even if that amount equals or falls below the other.

If one debt arises from a loan and the other from a salam contract, and he accepts a transfer of either against the other, he may sell the goods only for an amount equal to or less than the original salam payment. This applies whether the debt against which he was referred arose from the loan or the salam contract, because both aspects must be taken into account, as explained above.

If a person is owed dinars under a loan and accepts a transfer against a debt owed as the price of food, he may not accept food from the debtor in settlement. This is because he assumes the position of the person who referred him, and the transaction would therefore involve taking food in settlement of the price of food.

Likewise, if he is owed dinars as the price of food he sold, and his debt is transferred against dinars owed under a loan, he may not accept food from that debtor in settlement. He retains his original position regarding the debt owed to him by the person who referred him. Just as he may not accept food from the person who referred him, he may not accept food from the debtor against whom he was referred, since that person is his debtor’s debtor. And Allah is the source of success.