Al-Qawa'id al-Nuraniyya - Ibn Taimiya - (68)

Al-Qawa'id al-NuraniyyaIbn Taimiya

Abī Arūbah, from Qatāda, from Anas—may Allah be pleased with him—that the Prophet of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “Complete the bowing and prostration.” Ibn Abī Arūbah’s wording is: “Set the bowing and prostration aright, for I can see you”—and he related the remainder.

This shows that setting the bowing and prostration aright requires completing them, as stated in the other wording. Moreover, [his command] that they set the bowing and prostration aright entails remaining still in both, since it is well known that they were already bending down in some fashion. Indeed, the command to set them aright also requires straightening fully after each and completing both the descent into and the rise from them. This refutes anyone who claims that rising from them is not obligatory. That is because this command was addressed to the followers praying behind him, and it is well known that they could not move on before he did.

Further, Allah Most High says: “Guard the prayers, especially the middle prayer, and stand before Allah in devout obedience” [al-Baqarah: 238] [al-Baqarah]. This is a command to observe qunūt while standing before Allah. Qunūt means constancy in obedience to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, whether one is upright or prostrating. Allah Most High says: “Or is one who is devoutly obedient throughout the night, prostrating and standing, fearing the Hereafter and hoping for his Lord’s mercy?” [al-Zumar: 9] [al-Zumar: 9]. He also says: “The righteous women are devoutly obedient and guard in their husbands’ absence what Allah would have them guard” [al-Nisā: 34] [al-Nisā: 34]; “And whoever among you devoutly obeys Allah and His Messenger…” [al-Ahzāb: 31] [al-Ahzāb: 31]; and “To Him belongs whoever is in the heavens and the earth; all are devoutly obedient to Him” [al-Rūm: 26] [al-Rūm].

Given this, Allah Most High’s words, “Stand before Allah in devout obedience” [al-Baqarah: 238], may either constitute an unrestricted command to establish the prayer, as in His words, “Be steadfast upholders of justice” [al-Nisā: 135]

أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ عَنْ قتادة عَنْ أنس ﵁ أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: " «أَتِمُّوا الرُّكُوعَ وَالسُّجُودَ» " - وَلَفْظُ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ - " «أَقِيمُوا الرُّكُوعَ وَالسُّجُودَ فَإِنِّي أَرَاكُمْ» " وَذَكَرَهُ فَهَذَا يُبَيِّنُ أَنَّ إِقَامَةَ الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ تُوجِبُ إِتْمَامَهَا كَمَا فِي اللَّفْظِ الْآخَرِ، وَأَيْضًا [فَأَمْرُهُ] لَهُمْ بِإِقَامَةِ الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ يَتَضَمَّنُ السُّكُونَ فِيهِمَا؛ إِذْ مِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَأْتُونَ بِالِانْحِنَاءِ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ، بَلِ الْأَمْرُ بِالْإِقَامَةِ يَقْتَضِي أَيْضًا الِاعْتِدَالَ فِيهِمَا وَإِتْمَامَ طَرَفَيْهِمَا، وَفِي هَذَا رَدٌّ عَلَى مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَجِبُ الرَّفْعُ فِيهِمَا وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ لِلْمَأْمُومِينَ خَلْفَهُ، وَمِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُمْكِنُهُمُ الِانْصِرَافُ قَبْلَهُ وَأَيْضًا فَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨] [الْبَقَرَةِ] أَمْرٌ بِالْقُنُوتِ فِي الْقِيَامِ لِلَّهِ، وَالْقُنُوتُ: دَوَامُ الطَّاعَةِ لِلَّهِ ﷿ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ فِي حَالِ الِانْتِصَابِ أَوْ فِي حَالِ السُّجُودِ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿أَمْ مَنْ هُوَ قَانِتٌ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ سَاجِدًا وَقَائِمًا يَحْذَرُ الْآخِرَةَ وَيَرْجُو رَحْمَةَ رَبِّهِ﴾ [الزمر: ٩] [الزُّمَرِ: ٩] ، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَالصَّالِحَاتُ قَانِتَاتٌ حَافِظَاتٌ لِلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ﴾ [النساء: ٣٤] [النِّسَاءِ: ٣٤] وَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَقْنُتْ مِنْكُنَّ لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٣١] [الْأَحْزَابِ: ٣١] وَقَالَ: ﴿وَلَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ كُلٌّ لَهُ قَانِتُونَ﴾ [الروم: ٢٦] [الرُّومِ] . فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ فَقَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٣٨] إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمْرًا لِإِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ مُطْلَقًا كَمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ﴾ [النساء: ١٣٥]