Al-Qawa'id al-Nuraniyya - Ibn Taimiya - (271)

Al-Qawa'id al-NuraniyyaIbn Taimiya

“A banner will be raised for every traitor on the Day of Resurrection.” In Sahih Muslim, Abu Sa‘id reported that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: “Every traitor will have a banner at his backside on the Day of Resurrection.” Another narration states: “Every traitor will have a banner on the Day of Resurrection by which he will be recognized, in proportion to the extent of his treachery. Indeed, no treachery is greater than that of a ruler over the people at large.”

In Sahih Muslim, Buraida ibn al-Husayb said: “Whenever the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—appointed a commander over an army or expedition, he would personally enjoin him to fear Allah and to treat the Muslims accompanying him well.” He would then say: “Go forth in the name of Allah and in the cause of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Go forth, but do not steal from the spoils, act treacherously, mutilate bodies, or kill any child. When you encounter your polytheist enemies, invite them to three courses—or: three options. Whichever of them they accept, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them.” He then related the remainder of the hadith. Thus, he forbade them from treachery just as he forbade them from stealing the spoils.

In the two Sahih collections, Ibn Abbas related from Abu Sufyan ibn Harb that when Heraclius questioned him about the Prophet’s character—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—he asked: “Does he ever act treacherously?” Abu Sufyan replied: “No, he does not act treacherously. We are currently under a truce with him, and we do not know what he will do during it.” He said: “That was the only answer in which I was able to insinuate anything against him.” Heraclius replied: “I asked you whether he ever acts treacherously, and you stated that he does not. Such is the way of the messengers: they do not act treacherously.” He thus regarded this as an inseparable quality of the messengers.

In the two Sahih collections, Uqba ibn Amir reported that the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: “The conditions most deserving of fulfillment are those by which marital relations became lawful to you.” This indicates

«يُنْصَبُ لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» . وَفِي صَحِيحِ مسلم عَنْ أبي سعيد عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: " «لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ عِنْدَ اسْتِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» ". وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُعْرَفُ بِهِ بِقَدْرِ غَدْرَتِهِ، أَلَا وَلَا غَادِرَ أَعْظَمُ غَدْرَةً مِنْ أَمِيرِ عَامَّةٍ» . وَفِي صَحِيحِ مسلم عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْبِ قَالَ: " «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْ سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْصَاهُ فِي خَاصَّتِهِ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ، وَفِيمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا " ثُمَّ قَالَ: اغْزُوَا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ، اغْزُوا وَلَا تَغُلُّوا وَلَا تَغْدِرُوا، وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا. وَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ - أَوْ: خِلَالٍ - فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ مَا أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ» " الْحَدِيثَ. فَنَهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْغَدْرِ كَمَا نَهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْغُلُولِ. وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ «عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ لَمَّا سَأَلَهُ هرقل عَنْ صِفَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: هَلْ يَغْدِرُ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا يَغْدِرُ، وَنَحْنُ مَعَهُ فِي مُدَّةٍ لَا نَدْرِي مَا هُوَ صَانِعٌ فِيهَا. قَالَ: وَلَمْ يُمْكِنِّي كَلِمَةٌ أُدْخِلُ فِيهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةُ» . وَقَالَ هرقل فِي جَوَابِهِ: سَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَغْدِرُ؟ فَذَكَرْتَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَغْدِرُ، وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ لَا تَغْدِرُ "، فَجَعَلَ هَذَا صِفَةً لَازِمَةً لِلْمُرْسَلِينَ. وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: " «إِنَّ أَحَقَّ الشُّرُوطِ أَنْ تُوفُوا بِهِ: مَا اسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ بِهِ الْفُرُوجَ» "، فَدَلَّ عَلَى