Al-Qawa'id al-Nuraniyya - Ibn Taimiya - (269)

Al-Qawa'id al-NuraniyyaIbn Taimiya

obligatory. Likewise, in Surah al-Mu'minūn, He says near its beginning:

“Those are the inheritors who will inherit Paradise; they will abide therein forever.” [al-Mu'minūn: 10–11] [al-Mu'minūn]

Thus, whoever does not possess these qualities is not among the inheritors, for the apparent sense of the verse is exclusive: inserting the separating pronoun between the subject and predicate conveys exclusivity. Whoever is not among the inheritors of Paradise is liable to punishment unless Allah pardons him.

Since observing a covenant is obligatory, observing it means fulfilling it. And since Allah paired covenants with trusts, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—made their opposites characteristics of the hypocrite when he said: “When he speaks, he lies; when he promises, he breaks his promise; when he enters into a covenant, he acts treacherously; and when he disputes, he transgresses all bounds.”

It is also reported from him: “A believer may be naturally disposed to any trait except treachery and lying.”

Truthfulness in speech and the faithful discharge of trusts have always been enjoined, and this applies generally. Allah Most High said:

“He leads none astray thereby except the transgressors—those who break Allah’s covenant after it has been confirmed and sever what Allah has commanded to be joined.” [al-Baqara: 26–27] [al-Baqara: 26, 27]

Thus He censured them for breaking Allah’s covenant and severing what Allah commanded to be joined, for an obligation is established either by the Sacred Law or by a stipulation to which a person binds himself of his own accord. He also said:

“Those who fulfil Allah’s covenant and do not break the pledge; those who join what Allah has commanded to be joined, fear their Lord, and dread a terrible reckoning; those who patiently persevere, seeking the Countenance of their Lord, establish prayer, spend privately and openly from what We have provided them, and repel evil with good—it is they who will have the ultimate abode: Gardens of lasting residence, which they will enter along with the righteous among their parents, spouses, and descendants. The angels will enter upon them from every gate.” [al-Ra'd: 20–23]

وَاجِبٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي سُورَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ فِي أَوَّلِهَا: ﴿أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْوَارِثُونَ - الَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ﴾ [المؤمنون: ١٠ - ١١] [الْمُؤْمِنُونَ] ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَتَّصِفْ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ الْوَارِثِينَ، لِأَنَّ ظَاهِرَ الْآيَةِ الْحَصْرُ، فَإِنَّ إِدْخَالَ الْفَصْلِ بَيْنَ الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَالْخَبَرِ يُشْعِرُ الْحَصْرَ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ وَارِثِي الْجَنَّةِ كَانَ مُعَرَّضًا لِلْعُقُوبَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُوَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ رِعَايَةُ الْعَهْدِ وَاجِبَةً فَرِعَايَتُهُ هِيَ الْوَفَاءُ بِهِ، وَلَمَّا جَمَعَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَ الْعَهْدِ وَالْأَمَانَةِ جَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ضِدَّ ذَلِكَ صِفَةَ الْمُنَافِقِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: " «إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ، وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَرَ» ". وَعَنْهُ: [ «عَلَى كُلِّ خُلُقٍ يُطْبَعُ الْمُؤْمِنُ لَيْسَ الْخِيَانَةَ وَالْكَذِبَ» ] ، وَمَا زَالُوا يُوصُونَ بِصِدْقِ الْحَدِيثِ وَأَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَةِ، وَهَذَا عَامٌّ، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا يُضِلُّ بِهِ إِلَّا الْفَاسِقِينَ - الَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٦ - ٢٧] [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٢٦، ٢٧] ، فَذَمَّهُمْ عَلَى نَقْضِ عَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَقَطْعِ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِصِلَتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْوَاجِبَ إِمَّا بِالشَّرْعِ، وَإِمَّا بِالشَّرْطِ الَّذِي عَقَدَهُ الْمَرْءُ بِاخْتِيَارِهِ. وَقَالَ أَيْضًا: ﴿الَّذِينَ يُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَلَا يَنْقُضُونَ الْمِيثَاقَ - وَالَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَيَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ وَيَخَافُونَ سُوءَ الْحِسَابِ - وَالَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْفَقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً وَيَدْرَءُونَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ السَّيِّئَةَ أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ - جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا وَمَنْ صَلَحَ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَدْخُلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ بَابٍ﴾ [الرعد: ٢٠ - ٢٣]