Al-Qawa'id al-Nuraniyya - Ibn Taimiya - (131)

Al-Qawa'id al-NuraniyyaIbn Taimiya

therein, as is authentically reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and they recite aloud during it, as is established in an authentic report from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

The same applies to the prayer for rain: they permit going out to the open country to perform the prayer for rain and supplicate, as is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). They also permit going out and supplicating without performing a prayer, as Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) did in the presence of the Companions. They likewise permit seeking rain through supplication in connection with the regularly prescribed prayers—for example, during the Friday sermon and similar occasions—as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did.

The same applies to the funeral prayer. Their preferred practice is that four takbīrs be pronounced over the deceased, as it is established that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions generally did. According to the best-known position attributed to Ahmad, it is also permissible to pronounce five takbīrs and to follow the imam in doing so, for it is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that “he pronounced five takbīrs.” More than one Companion also did so, including Ali ibn Abī Tālib and others. According to the sound position attributed to Ahmad, it is likewise permissible to pronounce seven takbīrs and to follow the imam in doing so, since it is established that the Companions would sometimes pronounce seven takbīrs after the Prophet’s death (peace and blessings be upon him), and because a report to that effect has been transmitted from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

[Chapter on Zakat]
[Grazing Livestock]

Chapter

The Second Foundation: Zakat

In this matter too, they follow the sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his caliphs, adopting the moderate—or the best—of the three positions concerning grazing livestock. Thus, with regard to the amounts falling between the zakat thresholds for

فِيهَا كَمَا صَحَّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَيَجْهَرُونَ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَكَذَلِكَ الِاسْتِسْقَاءُ: يُجَوِّزُونَ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى الصَّحْرَاءِ؛ لِصَلَاةِ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ وَالدُّعَاءِ كَمَا ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَيُجَوِّزُونَ الْخُرُوجَ وَالدُّعَاءَ بِلَا صَلَاةٍ كَمَا فَعَلَهُ عمر ﵁ بِمَحْضَرٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ. وَيُجَوِّزُونَ الِاسْتِسْقَاءَ بِالدُّعَاءِ تَبَعًا لِلصَّلَوَاتِ الرَّاتِبَةِ، كَخُطْبَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَنَحْوِهَا كَمَا فَعَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ. وَكَذَلِكَ الْجِنَازَةُ: فَإِنَّ اخْتِيَارَهُمْ أَنَّهُ يُكَبَّرُ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعًا، كَمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ: أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَهُ غَالِبًا. وَيَجُوزُ عَلَى الْمَشْهُورِ عِنْدَ أحمد التَّخْمِيسُ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ وَمُتَابَعَةُ الْإِمَامِ فِي ذَلِكَ. لِمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ " أَنَّهُ كَبَّرَ خَمْسًا " وَفَعَلَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، مِثْلَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَيَجُوزُ أَيْضًا عَلَى الصَّحِيحِ عِنْدَهُ: التَّسْبِيعُ، وَمُتَابَعَةُ الْإِمَامِ فِيهِ، لِمَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُكَبِّرُونَ أَحْيَانًا سَبْعًا بَعْدَ مَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَلِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. [فَصْلٌ في الزَّكَاةُ] [السَّائِمَةِ] فَصْلٌ الْأَصْلُ الثَّانِي: الزَّكَاةُ وَهُمْ أَيْضًا مُتَّبِعُونَ فِيهَا لِسُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَخُلَفَائِهِ، آخِذِينَ بِأَوْسَطِ الْأَقْوَالِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، أَوْ بِأَحْسَنِهَا فِي [السَّائِمَةِ] فَأَخَذُوا فِي أَوْقَاصِ