the punishment of Hellfire, the punishment of the grave, the trial of life and death, and the evil of the Antichrist (al-Masīḥ al-Dajjāl).

ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to supplicate during the prayer: “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave; I seek refuge in You from the trial of the Antichrist; and I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from sin and from heavy debt.”

Someone said to him, “You frequently seek refuge from debt!” He replied, “When a man becomes indebted he speaks and lies, he makes promises and then breaks them.”

ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAmr (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported that Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (may Allah be pleased with him) said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, “Teach me a supplication I may recite in my prayer.” He said: “Say: ‘O Allah, I have greatly wronged myself, and none forgives sins except You. So forgive me with a forgiveness from You and have mercy on me, for You are the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.’ ” These narrations are agreed upon.

In the ḥadīth of ʿAlī (may Allah be pleased with him) describing the Prophet’s ﷺ prayer, he related that among the last words the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would say between the tashahhud and the salām were: “O Allah, forgive me my earlier and later sins, my hidden and open sins,