and we believe in that. Yet this covenant and pledge alone is not sufficient; it must be accompanied by the sending of messengers. For this reason Allah did send the messengers: had the covenant by itself been enough, He would not have commissioned them. He sent them so that they might remind people of it and invite them to live by what it contains.
As for the Almighty’s words, “And ˹remember˺ when your Lord took from the children of Adam—from their loins—their descendants” (al-Aʿrāf 7:172), some exegetes maintained that this is the very covenant Allah took from Adam’s progeny. It is not; rather, it is something else. Allah says “from their loins,” not “from Adam’s loin.” The verse continues: “and He made them testify against themselves: ‘Am I not your Lord?’ They replied, ‘Yes, indeed.’”
Some scholars explained that this refers to the innate disposition (fiṭrah) upon which Allah created them, together with the cosmic signs He set before them so that through those signs they might recognize their Lord.
Thus Allah, exalted is He, created them upon monotheism and upon Islam (1) (fa-aqim