al-Taliqat al-Mukhtasarah ala Matn al-Aqidah al-TahawiyyahSalih Al-Fawzan

—the Ever-Sustaining who never sleeps—an exhaustive (1) negation—and He likewise denied death for Himself because His life is utterly perfect (2). Sleep, drowsiness, and death are all deficiencies in life; they are qualities of created beings, whose very life is deficient, for the creature both sleeps and dies.

Thus sleep is a perfection for the creature but a deficiency for the Creator, for a creature that never sleeps is physically impaired. This alone shows the difference between the attributes of the Creator and those of the creation.

“The Living, the Self-Subsisting”: these two names are taken from His words, “Allah—there is no deity but Him, the Ever-Living, the Self-Subsisting” (Q 2: 255). “The Living” is the One whose life is absolutely perfect, while “the Self-Subsisting (al-Qayyūm)” is an emphatic form.

Al-Qayyūm is the One who stands by Himself and sustains all others: standing by Himself, He needs nothing and is independent of everything; sustaining others, every single thing is poor toward Him and depends on His upholding it. Were it not for Allah’s upholding of the heavens—

(1) On the authority of Abu Musa, who said: The Messenger of Allah stood among us with five statements and proclaimed: “Allah does not sleep, nor is it fitting for Him to sleep… ” (the remainder of the hadith follows). Recorded by Muslim, no. 179. (2) On the authority of Ibn Abbas: the Messenger of Allah used to say, “O Allah, to You I have submitted, in You I have believed, upon You I have relied, to You I have turned, and by Your help I contend. O Allah, I seek refuge in Your might—there is no deity but You—from being led astray. You are al-Hayy (the Ever-Living) who never dies, while the jinn and humankind die.” Recorded by Muslim, no. 2717.
قيوم لا ينام: ــ المستغرق (١) ، ونفى عن نفسه الموت لكمال حياته سبحانه (٢) . والنوم والنعاس والموت نقص في الحياة، وهذه من صفة المخلوق، وحياة المخلوق ناقصة فهو ينام ويموت. فالنوم كمال في حق المخلوق، نقص في حق الخالق؛ لأن المخلوق الذي لا ينام معتل الصحة، فهذا يدل على الفرق بين صفات الخالق وصفات المخلوق، والحي والقيوم: هاتان الصفتان مأخوذتان من قوله تعالى: (الله لا إله إلا هو الحي القيوم) الحي الذي له الحياة الكاملة، والقيوم صيغة مبالغة. القيوم هو: القائم بنفسه والمقيم لغيره، القائم بنفسه فلا يحتاج إلى شيء، وغني عن كل شيء، المقيم لغيره، كل شيء فقير إليه يحتاج إلى إقامته له ﷾، فلولا إقامة الله للسموات
(١) فعن أبي موسى ﵁ قال: قام فينا رسول الله ﷺ بخمس كلمات، فقال: "إن الله ﷿ لا ينام ولا ينبغي له أن ينام....." إلخ الحديث. ...أخرجه مسلم رقم (١٧٩) . (٢) وعن ابن عباس ﵄ أن رسول الله ﷺ كان يقول: "اللهم لك أسلمت وبك آمنت، وعليك توكلت وإليك أنبت وبك خاصمت، اللهم إني أعوذ بعزتك لا إله إلا أنت أن تضلني أنت الحيُّ الذي لا يموت، والجن والإنس يموتون" ...أخرجه مسلم رقم (٢٧١٧)

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