in its entirety (1), and people are not the same in regard to its very foundation. That is with respect to its core.
Likewise, when it comes to deeds, people differ in what they do. Among them are—as Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Then We caused those whom We had chosen from among Our servants to inherit the Book; some of them wrong themselves…” (Fatir 35:32)—the sinners whose transgressions fall short of shirk. Such a person wrongs his own soul because he exposes it to danger.
“And among them is the one who keeps to a middle course,” that is, he who performs the obligatory duties and avoids the prohibited acts.
“And among them is he who, by Allah’s leave, races ahead in good works” (Fatir 35:32). This is the one who not only fulfills the obligations but also engages in the recommended acts, while refraining from the forbidden, the disliked, and even from some permissible matters as a precaution.
Therefore, the ummah is not all on one level, and it has