The first case is illustrated by saying: “The identifying sign of so-and-so’s house is such-and-such a feature on its door or threshold,” or, “The identifying sign of so-and-so is that he has such-and-such characteristics.” When that sign is seen, the particular person or house is recognized.

The second case is illustrated by saying: “The identifying sign of a ruler or judge is that his appearance is such-and-such.” When that appearance is seen, one knows that a ruler or judge is present, even if one does not know who he is.

This being so, all created things necessarily entail the existence of the Creator Himself, glorified and exalted is He. Each, on its own, indicates that it has an originator, pointing to that originator himself. There is no need to supplement this with the proposition that everything brought into being has an originator. As we explained earlier, knowledge of the individual instances of this proposition need not depend on knowledge of its universal formulation. Rather, a thing’s indication of its particular originator may be clearer and known earlier.

Thus, the occurrences that people witness are, in themselves, signs indicating the agent who brought them into being. They need not be accompanied by the universal proposition that everything brought into being has an originator. They also indicate the Creator, glorified is He, insofar as it is known that none but He brings them into being. For the inference that things brought into being must have an originator possessing power, knowledge, will, and wisdom rests on the fact that action necessarily entails power, and meticulous ordering