Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

Moreover, an originated thing depends on a complete originator that acts independently. Whatever does not act independently depends on something else and therefore cannot be the sole agent; rather, the agent consists of it together with that other thing. It cannot, then, be the sole agent producing the originated thing. If that other thing is itself originated, it too must have an agent. Originated things must therefore have an agent that acts independently and has no need of anything it originates. Reason knows self-evidently and with certainty that an originated thing depends on an originator that brings it into being. This knowledge is even more self-evident than its knowledge that a contingent being depends on a necessarily existent being that necessitates its existence. There is thus no need to argue here that an originated thing is assigned one time rather than another, or one magnitude rather than another, and that such specification requires a specifying agent. For the dependence of an originated thing on an originator is clearer and more immediately evident to reason.

Hence Allah Most High says:

“Or were they created by nothing, or are they themselves the creators?”
Al-Tūr 35

Jubayr ibn Mut‘im said: “When I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recite this verse, I felt as though my heart had split open.”

He also says:

“Have you considered the semen you emit? * Is it you who create it, or are We the Creator?”
Al-Wāqiʿah 58–59

For both possibilities—that they were created without a creator, and that they created themselves—are self-evidently impossible. A person knows self-evidently that he did not come into being without an originator and that he did not bring himself into being.

Since it is self-evidently known that he must have an originator and that his originator is not himself, it follows self-evidently that he has an originator and creator other than himself. The same holds for anything supposed to be created.

وأيضاً فالمحدث مفتقر إلى محدث كامل، مستقل بالفعل، إذ ما ليس مستقلاً بالفعل مفتقر إلى غيره فلا يكون هو وحده الفاعل، بل الفاعل هو وذلك الغير فلا يكون وحده فاعلاً للمحدث ثم ذلك الغير إن كان محدثاً فلا بد له من فاعل أيضاً فلا بد للمحدثات من فاعل مستقل بالفعل مستغن عن جميع محدثاته، والعقل يعلم ضرورة افتقار المحدث إلى المحدث الفاعل ويقطع به ويعلمه ضرورة أبلغ من علمه بافتقار الممكن إلى الواجب الموجب له، فلا يحتاج أن يقال في ذلك أن المحدث يتخصص بزمان دون زمان أو بقدر دون قدر ولا بد للتخصيص مكن مخصص فإن العلم بافتقار المحدث إلى المحدث أبين في العقل وأبده له. ولهذا قال تعالى {أم خلقوا من غير شيء أم هم الخالقون} الطور ٣٥ قال جبير بن مطعم: لما سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقرؤها أحسست بفؤادي قد انصدع. وقال {أفرأيتم ما تمنون * أأنتم تخلقونه أم نحن الخالقون} الواقعة ٥٨ - ٥٩ إذ كان كل من القسمين: وهو كونهم خلقوا من غير خالق، وكونهم خلقوا أنفسهم معلوم الانتفاء بالضرورة فإن الإنسان يعلم بالضرورة أنه لم يحدث من غير محدث وأنه لم يحدث نفسه. فلما كان العلم بأنه لا بد له من محدث، وأن محدثه ليس هو إياه علماً ضرورياً ثبت بالضرورة أن له محدثاً خالقاً غيره، وكل ما يقدر فيه انه مخلوق فهو كذلك.

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