things that actually exist. Thus, do not suppose that this difference alone establishes a real distinction.

Nor do we concede the claim that the amount by which one of the two collections exceeds the other must bear a ratio to the latter. That a finite quantity admits a ratio between itself and another finite quantity does not entail that an infinite quantity admits a ratio between itself and a finite quantity.”

[On Refuting the Claim of Infinity]

He said:

“The theologian has several methods for refuting the claim of infinity.

The first is the method we presented above. The objections we have mentioned apply to it, except for the contradiction that follows for the philosopher because he must affirm infinity in the cases we have mentioned, whereas the theologian does not affirm it. Nevertheless, the theologian incurs a contradiction through his belief that the things Allah Most High knows and those within His power are infinite, despite the aforementioned proof indicating that they must be finite.”

He said:

“As for the claim that what is meant by saying that the objects of knowledge