existent whatsoever; for if an existent were alongside them, it would coincide with those nonexistences taken together, including its own nonexistence. Thus, what precedes would coincide with what is preceded. His argument therefore rests on their being together in beginningless eternity.
They have said to him:
“If by their being together you mean that all of them obtain simultaneously at some moment, this is not conceded, for no moment can be posited without one of them coming to an end.”
He says:
“I did not mean their being together at a moment that has come into being, such that I would have to concede that one of them comes to an end. I only said that they are together in beginningless eternity.”
The matter is settled by saying: Nonexistence is not a thing. The nonexistence of this motion is not a subsisting reality distinct from the nonexistence of another, such that one could say that their nonexistences were—or were not—together in beginningless eternity. Rather, each motion’s coming into being means that it existed after not having existed. The fact that all occurrences share the property of not having existed does not entail that their nonexistences are distinct realities subsisting in beginningless eternity.
To clarify this, one may ask: By their being preceded by nonexistence, do you mean that their genus is preceded by nonexistence, or that each individual occurrence is preceded by nonexistence? The first is precisely the point in dispute. As for the second, if each individual occurrence is supposed to have existed after not having existed—while the genus has always existed—it would not be valid to say that the genus exists after not having existed. Nor does each of its individual instances being preceded by nonexistence entail that the genus is preceded by nonexistence, unless it is established that the genus itself came into being. That is precisely the point in dispute.
The nonexistence of occurrences is a single kind of nonexistence that comes to an end as they come into being. Whenever an occurrence comes into being, that occurrence passes out of this nonexistence, while the nonexistence of the others does not come to an end. Thus, what is beginningless is the nonexistence of the individual occurrences, just as what is beginningless, according to those who say that they have no