Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

for He has knowledge inseparable from His self and power inseparable from His self, and neither falls outside what the term “His self” denotes.

In any case, using this argument to establish the temporal origination of bodies is exceedingly weak, as they themselves have acknowledged. What they have stated entails that nothing in existence is beginningless, whether it is supposed to be a body or something other than a body. For it could be argued as follows:

If the Lord—the Lord of all worlds—were beginningless, His beginninglessness would either be identical to His being Lord or be additional to it. Both alternatives are false, so His being beginningless would be disproved.

As for the first alternative, if this were so, knowing that He is Lord, or necessarily existent, or the like, would amount to knowing that He is beginningless. But this is false.

As for the second, if that additional attribute were beginningless, its beginninglessness would have to be additional to it, and an infinite regress would follow. If it were temporally originated, then that which is beginningless would have a beginning. Thus, whatever answer applies to the points on which there is agreement also applies to the point under dispute.

Although knowing that He is the Lord of all worlds entails knowing that He is beginningless, knowledge of lordship itself is not identical to knowledge of beginninglessness itself. Rather, the first may be present in the mind while the second escapes its attention. Someone may doubt His beginninglessness while knowing that He is his Lord, and it may occur to him that the Lord has a lord, until the falsity of this becomes clear to him.

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, mentioned this in the authentic hadith when he said:

“Satan comes to one of you and asks, ‘Who created such-and-such?’ He replies, ‘Allah.’ Then Satan asks, ‘Who, then, created Allah?’ If any of you experiences this, let him seek refuge in Allah and desist.”

I have discussed this at length elsewhere, as will follow, Allah willing.

فله علم لازم لنفسه، وقدرة لازمة لنفسه، وليس ذلك خارجاً عن مسمى اسم نفسه. وعلى كل تقدير فالاستدلال على حدوث الأجسام بهذه الحجة في غاية الضعف، كما اعترفوا هم به، فإن ما ذكروه يوجب أن لا يكون في الوجود شيء قديم، سواء قدر أنه جسم أو غير جسم، فإنه يقال: لو كان الرب - رب العالمين - قديماً لكان قدمه إما أن يكون عين كونه رباً، وإما زائداً على ذلك، والأمران باطلان، فبطل كونه قديماً. أما الأول: فلأنه لو كان كذلك لكان العلم بكونه رباً أو واجب الوجود أو نحو ذلك علماً بكونه قديماً، وهذا باطل. وأما الثاني: فلأن ذلك الزائد إن كان قديماً يلزم أن يكون قدمه زائداً عليه، ولزم التسلسل، وإن كان حادثاً كان للقديم أول، فما كان جواباً عن مواضع الإجماع كان جواباً في مورد النزاع، وإن كان العلم بكونه رب العالمين يستلزم العلم بقدمه، لكن ليس العلم بنفس الربوبية هو العلم بنفس القدم، بل قد يقوم العلم الأول بالنفس مع ذهولها عن الثاني، وقد يشك الشاك في قدمه، مع العلم بأنه ربه، ويخطر له أن للرب رباً حتى يتبين له فساد ذلك. وقد ذكر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ذلك في الحديث الصحيح في قوله: «إن الشيطان يأتي أحدكم، فيقول: من خلق كذا؟ فيقول: الله، فيقول: فمن خلق الله؟ فإذا وجد ذلك أحدكم فليستعذ بالله ولينته» وقد بسطت هذا في موضع آخر كما سيأتي إن شاء الله.

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