its being a known effect coeval with its agent—is the position peculiar to them.

As for agency with respect to what has neither beginning nor end, that is what is discussed in this argument.

It may be said that the same consequence follows with regard to Allah’s words and His will, each of which is infinite in both the past and the future, even if one is more numerous than the other.

It may be noted here that the Moon is smaller in magnitude than the Sun, so its motion, though greater in the number of revolutions, is less in magnitude. But this is of no avail unless it is known that the motions of all the heavenly bodies are equal in total magnitude, each being infinite. Otherwise, inequality between infinite quantities would follow. Thus, if their equality is false, this objection is false.

[The Fifth Argument and Commentary on It]

Al-Rāzī said:

The fifth argument: “We take the past revolutions, reckoned back from today without a first revolution, as one series, and those reckoned back from yesterday in the same way as another. Then, in the imagination, we align the finite endpoint of one of the two series with the finite endpoint of