anything.
For this reason, people have countered their argument by pointing to daily occurrences. This consequence is inescapable for them, and it entails the invalidity of their argument.
If they mean that it produces an effect in some particular thing, their argument does not establish this. This claim is also invalid on several grounds, as has been explained at length elsewhere.
A fully effective cause may mean a cause effective in everything, a cause effective in one particular thing, or a cause producing effects, without further specification, in one thing after another.
The first is what they take their argument to entail. Yet it entails that nothing can come into being, so their claim that the argument establishes this is shown to be false.
The expression may also mean producing effects in one thing after another. This is what the argument does entail, and it entails the invalidity of their position: nothing in the world is eternal; rather, none is eternal except the Lord, the Lord of all worlds.
It may also mean producing an effect in one particular thing. Their argument does not establish this, so they have not thereby proved what they seek to prove. Indeed, this claim is invalid on other grounds as well.
This distinction thus reveals the ambiguity and confusion surrounding this issue.
Concerning any particular event, one may therefore say: if its fully effective cause existed from eternity, it would follow that an effect could be delayed beyond its fully effective cause, thereby invalidating their position.
If it is said instead that its cause must become fully effective when the event occurs, then the same reasoning applies to the arising of that complete efficacy as applies to the arising of complete efficacy in the first case. This entails an infinite regress in the arising of complete causal efficacy.
This is invalid according to clear reason. Their position therefore entails that events arise without a newly arising cause. This is an even greater difficulty than the infinite regress for which they criticized the theologians.