second, the prior existence of the kinds is not ruled out, although the prior existence of individual created things may be impossible. Thus, on either interpretation, no created thing exists alongside Allah in beginningless eternity.
The point may be summed up as follows: the consequence that ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz pressed upon al-Marīsī necessarily follows from the latter’s position and unquestionably refutes it. Most people share this position, for the great majority maintain that the act of creation is distinct from the thing created, and the act is distinct from the thing produced. This is the position of the great majority of jurists among the followers of Abū Hanīfah, Mālik, al-Shāfiʿī, and Ahmad; the great majority of Sufis; the great majority of hadith scholars—indeed, all of them—and many, or the great majority, of speculative theologians and philosophers. It is the position of most of the Murjiʾah, including the Karrāmiyyah and others; most of the Shīʿah; many of the Muʿtazilah and Kullābiyyah; and many philosophers.
The followers of Mālik, al-Shāfiʿī, and Ahmad hold two views on this matter. Their leading scholars maintain that the act of creation is distinct from the thing created. This was the later of Judge Abū Yaʿlā’s two positions and is the position of the majority of Ahmad’s followers. It is also the position that al-Baghawī attributed to Ahl al-Sunnah, and that of many of the Kullābiyyah.
[ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Kinānī’s Statement on the Quran and Allah’s Attributes, with Commentary]
As for his statement:
“He has power to act, and nothing prevents Him from doing so,”
his words imply that He has always had power to act, with nothing preventing Him from doing so. What he said is the position held by the great majority of people. For this reason, they rejected the assertion that He did not have power to act in beginningless eternity.
Those who disliked al-Ashʿarī would attribute this view to him to turn people’s hearts away from him. Abū Muhammad al-Juwaynī and others sought to clear him of this attribution, as we have mentioned elsewhere.