establishes the premises of his argument, his argument will not be sound. His argument rests on the claim that, if His essence were not sufficient for the occurrence of what is negated or affirmed of Him, He would necessarily depend upon something other than Himself. Yet this entails only that those negations and affirmations depend upon that other thing; this much is clear. Unless he shows that their dependence upon something else entails His own dependence upon it, his argument is not sound—especially since, on this supposition, those things are not necessary concomitants of His essence. If they were necessary concomitants of His essence, His essence would be sufficient for them. Whenever the necessary concomitants of an essence depend upon something else, the essence must likewise depend upon it. For whatever entails a necessary concomitant cannot exist without that concomitant, and the concomitant cannot exist without that other thing; therefore, what entails it cannot exist without that other thing. That other thing, however, need not be an agent or an efficient cause; it may instead be an inseparable condition.
It has been explained elsewhere that, if one says:
“The very essence of the Necessary Being is inseparable from His necessary attributes; His necessary attributes are inseparable from His essence; or each of His necessary attributes is inseparable from the others,”
this is true, and it entails that the actual existence of each is conditional upon the actual existence of the other.
As for the Lord, exalted is He, being dependent upon something distinct from Him and independent of Him, this is impossible. He, glorified is He, is independent of all things. If any of His necessary concomitants were supposed to depend upon something distinct from Him, His existence would not be established without the existence of that distinct thing. Allah would then depend upon it, whereas Allah is independent of all things.
But if the matter is not a necessary concomitant of His essence, but rather an incidental matter, then there is no doubt that the people of faith and the Sunnah affirm that Allah does not depend upon anything other than Himself in any respect,