discussed first principles and preliminary matters in it; rather, most of my attention was devoted to distilling the final conclusions and ultimate aims.”

He also wrote in this book:

“Twelfth Fundamental Principle: What Is Impossible for Allah.”

He said:

“The fourth question concerns the impossibility of His being a locus of temporally originated occurrences. The Karrāmiyyah unanimously held this to be possible.

“As for the arising of new states, the Muʿtazilah differed over whether this is possible—for example, states of perceiving, hearing, seeing, willing, and being averse. Abū al-Husayn al-Basrī, however, affirmed that new states of knowing arise within His essence.”

He said:

“As for the philosophers, although they are commonly regarded as the furthest removed from this position, they nevertheless affirm it without realizing it, for they allow