among the Muʿtazilah said that the Quran is separate from Allah, as is all His other speech. They claimed that Allah created speech in the tree, which Moses heard, and created speech in the air, which Gabriel heard. In their view, speech cannot proceed from Allah and truly subsist in Him. The people of the Community, however, said: Rather, the Quran is not separate from Allah; it proceeds from Him and subsists in Him.”

Muhammad ibn al-Haysam also discussed will, creation, created things, and other matters in terms consistent with his affirmation here of attributes of action that subsist in Allah, have not existed from eternity, and are not created.

[Al-Dārimī’s Words in His Refutation of Bishr al-Marīsī]

Uthmān ibn Saʿīd al-Dārimī said in his book known as Uthmān ibn Saʿīd’s Refutation of Bishr al-Marīsī, the Obstinate Jahmī, concerning His False Claims about Allah’s Oneness:

“The opponent also made a claim concerning the words of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace:

‘Allah descends to the lowest heaven when a third of the night has passed and says: “Is there anyone seeking forgiveness? Is there anyone repenting? Is there anyone supplicating?”’”

He said: “He claimed that Allah does not Himself descend; rather, His command and mercy descend, while He is upon the Throne,