Abū al-Hasan al-Tamīmī and his followers, and Judge Abū Ya‘lā and his followers, such as Ibn ‘Aqīl, Abū al-Hasan ibn al-Zāghūnī, and others like them—although the judge’s statements sometimes accord with one position and sometimes with the other.

Among those who disagreed with them on this were Abū ‘Abd Allāh ibn Hāmid, Abū Bakr ‘Abd al-‘Azīz, Abū ‘Abd Allāh ibn Battah, Abū ‘Abd Allāh ibn Mandah, Abū Nasr al-Sijzī, Yahyā ibn ‘Ammār al-Sijistānī, Abū Ismā‘īl al-Ansārī, and others like them.

This principle was also disputed among the followers of Mālik, al-Shāfi‘ī, and Abū Hanīfah, and among the Zāhirīs. Dāwūd ibn ‘Alī, the school’s founder, and its leading scholars affirmed this, whereas Abū Muhammad ibn Hazm went to great lengths in denying it. The speculative theologians likewise differed: the Hishāmiyyah and Karrāmiyyah affirmed it, while the Mu‘tazilah denied it. In al-Maqālāt, al-Ash‘arī reported that Abū Mu‘ādh al-Tūmanī, Zuhayr al-Atharī, and others affirmed