Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

two things:

First, that the Creator lacks many of the attributes of created beings;

Second, that the attributes of created beings exist in Him in a manner more perfect and excellent beyond any limit conceivable to reason. Let us therefore consider what Scripture has explicitly stated concerning these two categories, what it has left unmentioned, and the wisdom behind its silence.”

I say:

The denial of likeness may also entail affirming attributes of perfection for the Creator, none of which can be affirmed of created beings. Just as some attributes of created beings cannot be affirmed of the Creator, so too some attributes of the Creator cannot be affirmed of created beings. However, people cannot know this category of attributes in this world, which is why it was not mentioned.

He said:

“We say: As for the attributes of created beings that Scripture explicitly denies of Him, these are those that are evidently attributes of imperfection. Among them is death, as the Most High says:

‘And put your trust in the Ever-Living, who does not die.’
[al-Furqān: 58]

They also include sleep and lesser states that entail heedlessness and lapses in awareness and in preserving existing things. This is explicitly stated in the words of the Most High:

‘Neither drowsiness nor sleep overtakes Him.’
[al-Baqarah: 255]

They also include forgetfulness and error, as the Most High says:

‘My Lord neither errs nor forgets.’
[Tā Hā: 52]

شيئان: أحدهما: أن يعدم الخالق كثيراً من صفات المخلوق، والثاني: أن توجد فيه صفات المخلوق على وجه أتم وأفضل بما لا يتناهى في العقل، فلينظر ما صرح به الشرع من هذين الصنفين، وما سكت عنه، وما السبب الحكمي في سكوته. قلت: ونفي المماثلة قد يتضمن إثبات صفات الكمال للخالق، لا يثبت للمخلوق منها شيء، فكما أن في صفات المخلوق ما لا يثبت للخالق، فكذلك في صفات الخالق ما لا يثبت للمخلوق. لكن هذا الضرب لا يمكن الناس معرفته في الدنيا، فلهذا لم يذكر. قال: فنقول: أما ما صرح به الشرع من نفي صفات المخلوق عنه، فما كان ظاهراً من أمره أنه من صفات النقائص، فمنها الموت، كما قال تعالى: {وتوكل على الحي الذي لا يموت} [الفرقان: ٥٨] . ومنها النوم وما دونه مما يقتضي الغفلة والسهو عن الإدراكات والحفظ للموجودات، وذلك مصرح به في قوله تعالى: {لا تأخذه سنة ولا نوم} [البقرة: ٢٥٥] . ومنها النسيان والخطأ، كما قال تعالى: {لا يضل ربي ولا ينسى} [طه: ٥٢] .

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