And His words:

“Say, ‘Has Allah given you permission, or are you inventing lies about Allah?’” [Yūnus: 59]

And His words:

“Say, ‘Who has forbidden the adornment Allah has brought forth for His servants, and the good things He has provided?’” [al-Aʿrāf: 32]

And His words:

“Say, ‘Do you have any knowledge that you can produce for us?’” [al-Anʿām: 148]

Likewise, His words:

“Allah presents an example: a slave owned by another, powerless to do anything, and someone whom We have granted good provision from Us, from which he spends secretly and openly. Are they equal? All praise belongs to Allah, but most of them do not know. * And Allah presents an example of two men: one is unable to speak, powerless to do anything, and a burden on his master; wherever he directs him, he brings no good. Is he equal to someone who commands justice and is himself on a straight path?” [al-Nahl: 75–76]

And His words:

“Is He who creates like one who does not create? Will you not then take heed?” [al-Nahl: 17]

And His words:

“Is He who guides to the truth more worthy of being followed, or one who cannot find the way unless he is guided?” [Yūnus: 35]

He, glory be to Him, makes clear in the Quran that one who knows, has power, creates, and commands justice is more perfect than others. This superiority is firmly established in people’s innate dispositions, whereas equating the two is repugnant to reason and rejected by hearts in their innate state. This is among the self-evident premises firmly established within them. Just as He makes this clear, so too He makes clear that one who lacks the attributes of perfection is deficient,