The correct account, then, is that both kinds of entailment must be taken into consideration. External entailment holds in reality. The listener’s knowledge of it, however, depends on his awareness of the entailment: whatever necessary concomitants he becomes aware of, he infers through entailment. There is no limit to this. Anything that entails something else serves as evidence for it to anyone aware of the necessary connection.
This is precisely what evidence is: evidence always entails what it indicates, but the converse does not hold. Signification by implication does not mean that the speaker intended to convey something to the listener by this means, for there is no fixed criterion for that. Rather, it means that the listener himself infers that the necessary concomitants of the expression’s meaning hold because that meaning holds. This is rational signification, dependent on intentional signification. It is counted as signification by the expression because the expression indicates the necessary connection through its signification of that which entails the concomitant.
In short, every piece of evidence that exists entails what it indicates. Nothing can be evidence unless it entails something, and nothing entails something without being evidence for it. Thus, being evidence and being something that entails another are inseparable, whether this is called a demonstration, an argument, a sign, or anything else.
Being a cause, however, is more specific than being evidence: every cause is evidence for its effect, but not every piece of evidence is a cause. Hence, a syllogism based on indication has a wider scope than a syllogism based on causation, although the latter is superior, because it supplies both the reason for knowing and the cause of the thing itself, whereas a syllogism based on indication supplies only the reason for knowing.
For this reason, they esteem a demonstration of why something is so above a demonstration that it is so, saying:
“A demonstration of why is superior to a demonstration that.”