Allah Most High says:

“Whether you conceal your speech or declare it openly, He knows well what is within the hearts. * Does He who created not know, when He is the Most Subtle, the All-Aware?”
[Al-Mulk: 13–14]

Various groups among Ahl al-Sunnah have cited this verse as evidence that He creates His servants’ utterances and whatever is within their hearts.

This verse establishes His knowledge of particulars in several ways:

First, creating necessarily entails knowing what is created.

Second, He is in Himself the Most Subtle, the All-Aware, which necessarily entails His knowledge of the finest details of things and their hidden aspects.

Furthermore, for the Most Subtle, the All-Aware, knowledge of Himself is even more assured than knowledge of anything else. His knowledge of Himself necessarily entails knowledge of the necessary concomitants of His essence, as explained above.

Thus, this verse encompasses these three lines of argument.

[Al-Rāzī’s objection to Ibn Sīnā]

Al-Rāzī objected to Ibn Sīnā’s argument that His knowledge of His essence necessarily entails knowledge of what He brings into being.

He said in his commentary:

“We have already explained in the preceding chapters that He has full knowledge of Himself and of all other objects of knowledge. We now wish to examine how He possesses this knowledge. We say: We established before this section that His knowledge of things must be