Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

of particular questions and potential knowledge of them—for example, when questions are mentioned and a person finds within himself a faculty and an ability to answer them—this potentiality is closer to actuality than it was before the question was asked. For potentiality has degrees, and one does not know the answer to each question individually unless one possesses a mental form of each. The Necessary Existent is exalted above such things.

“Moreover, if C is distinct from B, how can the negation of B constitute knowledge of them both, and providential care concerning the order in which they ought to exist, even if His knowledge of things is the knowledge described above?”

He said:

“Thus, the truth concerning knowledge lies in the principle of illumination: His knowledge of Himself consists in His being a light unto Himself and manifest to Himself, while His knowledge of things consists in their being manifest to Him—either the things themselves or things connected with them, which are the loci of awareness

بمسائل، وبين العلم بالقوة بها، كمسائل ذكرت، فوجد الإنسان من نفسه ملكةً وقدرة على الجواب لهذه المسائل المذكورة فهذه القوة أقرب مما كانت قبل السؤال، فإن القوة مراتب، ولا يكون عالماً بجواب كل واحدة على الخصوص ما لم يكن عنده صورة كل واحد، وواجب الوجود منزه عن هذه الأشياء. ثم إذا كان ج غير باء فسلب باء كيف يكون علماً بهما، وعنايةً بكيفية ما يجب أن يكونا عليه من النظام، وإن كان علمه بالأشياء هو العلم المتقدم؟. قال: فإذاً الحق في العلم هو قاعدة الإشراق، وهو أن علمه بذاته هو كونه نوراً لذاته وظاهراً لذاته، وعلمه بالأشياء كونها ظاهرةً له، إما أنفسها أو متعلقاتها التي هي مواضع الشعور

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