the Necessary Existent, and nothing exists except as an effect of the First, the Necessary Existent, all the forms of existing things, universal and particular, as they actually exist, are present within them.”

The response is:

The substance of this statement is that, once intellectual substances apprehend the First, they must apprehend everything, because everything other than Him is His effect, and all the forms of existence must be present within them.

This statement contains several kinds of falsehood. Among the objections to it is the following:

On what grounds do you claim that a creature of the Lord knows Him completely, such that nothing concerning the Lord is hidden from it—indeed, that it knows the Lord as it knows itself, so that its knowledge of the Lord encompasses knowledge of every existing thing? What evidence is there for this, when the divine scriptures and rational proofs contradict it?

Allah, Exalted is He, says:

“Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they encompass nothing of His knowledge except what He wills.”
[Al-Baqarah: 255]

And He says of the angels:

“We have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Indeed, You are the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.”
[Al-Baqarah: 32]