Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

Thus, his statement:

“If that form becomes present to you in some way other than inhering in you, intellectual apprehension occurs without inherence in you.”

is an unsupported and false claim. A bare denial suffices to refute it, namely:

“We do not concede that presence unaccompanied by inherence constitutes intellectual apprehension without inherence, or entails intellectual apprehension without inherence.”

By inherence, we mean what we have already explained: awareness itself inhering in the subject who is aware, whether or not an intellectual form is involved. How much more so when we have seen that, across the various kinds of presence generally, presence without awareness does not constitute knowledge?

[The Eleventh Point]

He states:

“It is known that a thing’s presence to its agent, insofar as it is present to something other than itself, is no less than its presence to its recipient. Thus, the intrinsic effects of the intellective agent who acts by virtue of his essence are present without inhering in him. He therefore apprehends them intellectually without their inhering in him.”

The response is:

There is no doubt that their being produced and created in Him differs from their subsisting in Him. But we must recognize that no rational person has said that knowing created things requires those things to inhere in the Creator’s essence, just as His creating them is the very act of bringing their essences into existence.

No rational person has said that what is created and produced is identical with what inheres and is received, such that we need to distinguish between the two by saying that one of them

فقوله: إذا حصلت تلك الصورة بوجه غير الحلول فيك، حصل التعقل من غير حلول فيك. كلام لا دليل عليه، وهو باطل. ويكفيه المنع المجرد، وهو أن يقال: لا نسلم أن الحصول الخالي عن حلول، يكون تعقلاً من غير حلول، أو يوجب التعقل من غير حلول. ونعني بالحلول ما بيناه من حلول نفس الشعور بالشاعر، سواء كان هناك صورة عقلية أو لم يكن، فكيف وقد رأينا الحصول من غير شعور لا يكون علماً في عامة أنواع الحصول؟. [الوجه الحادي عشر] قوله: ومعلوم أن حصول الشيء لفاعله في كونه حصولاً لغيره، ليس دون حصول الشيء لقابله، فإذن المعلولات الذاتية للعاقل الفاعل لذاته، حاصلة من غير أن تحل فيه، فهو عاقل إياها من غير أن تكون هي حالة فيه. يقال له: لا ريب أن كونها مفعولة مخلوقة فيه، مغاير لكونها قائمة به، لكن يجب أن نعرف أنه لم يقل عاقل: إن العلم بالمخلوقات يقتضي حلول المخلوقات بذات الخالق، كما أن خلقه لها نفس إبداع ذواتها، فلم يقل عاقل: إن الذي هو مخلوق مفعول، هو نفس الذي هو حال مقبول، حتى نفرق بينهما، بأن أحدهما

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