This is a vast and immensely important subject, but this is not the place to discuss it. The purpose here is simply to point out that the Quran and prophetic wisdom contain the general body of the foundations of religion: the questions and proofs that truly deserve that designation.

[The Principles of the Speculative Theologians Are Not the Foundations of Religion]

As for the falsehood that some people include under this designation, it is not part of the foundations of religion, even if they classify it as such. This includes unsound propositions and arguments: propositions such as denying the divine attributes, denying divine decree, and the like; and arguments such as inferring the temporal origination of the world from the temporal origination of accidents—the attributes inhering in bodies—whether spatial states or other attributes.

This also includes establishing the premises required by this argument: first, establishing the existence of accidents, which are attributes, or of some of them, such as spatial states—motion, rest, conjunction, and separation; second, establishing their temporal origination by disproving their emergence from a latent state and their transfer from one subject to another; third, establishing that a body cannot be devoid either of any kind of accident—by establishing that it is capable of bearing such attributes, and that whatever is capable of bearing an attribute cannot be devoid of both that attribute and its opposite—or of spatial states; and fourth, establishing the impossibility of a beginningless series of events.