and water upwards, since their natural tendency is to fall and descend. Thus natural motion depends on forced motion, and both natural and forced motion depend on something else.

Voluntary motion is therefore the source of all motion. Every act of will that does not have Allah as its primary intended object harms and corrupts the one who wills, bringing him neither benefit nor soundness.

Nothing deserves to be loved for its own sake, willed for its own sake, sought for its own sake, or worshipped for its own sake except Allah.

Likewise, none independently originates and creates except Allah. Just as there is no Lord other than Him, there is no deity worthy of worship except Him. No created being can independently bring anything into existence so as to be its lord. Rather, there are cooperating causes, and these have an agent who is their cause.

Similarly, nothing among created things deserves to be the sole object of worship, intended and sought through all deeds. Rather, if something deserves to be loved and sought, it is sought only for the sake of something else, and other things share with it in being loved. Both must be loved for Allah’s sake; neither is to be loved for its own sake. For when a created thing is made the ultimate goal sought, its own essence does not bring souls perfection, soundness or benefit.

Allah has endowed His servants with an innate disposition to this. This is more fundamental than His having endowed them with a love of foods that sustain them, such that consuming other things harms them. For although this is so, other things could be made nourishing for them.

But for the innate disposition to find soundness in worshipping other than Allah is intrinsically impossible, just as it is intrinsically impossible