the earth, water, air, and fire.

Providential care is likewise evident in the organs of human beings and animals—that is, in their suitability for life and existence.

In general, knowledge of the benefits of existing things falls within this category. Therefore, anyone who wishes to know Allah Most High fully must investigate the Maker of all existing things.

He said:

“As for the argument from creation, it encompasses the existence of all animals, the existence of plants, and the existence of the heavens. This approach rests on two principles potentially present in the innate disposition of every human being.

The first is that these existing things have been created. This is self-evident in the case of animals and plants. As Allah Most High says:

‘Indeed, those you invoke besides Allah will never create a fly, even if they gathered together for that purpose’ [al-Hajj: 73], to the end of the verse.

We see inanimate bodies in which life then arises, and so we know with certainty that there is One who brings life into being and bestows it: Allah, Blessed and Most High.

As for the heavens, we know from their unceasing motions that they are commanded