and the one who loves it. Yet the First Cause, in its essence and all its other aspects, ought to be regarded as having the most perfect mode of existence possible for anything.
You sought to exalt it above resemblance to someone asleep and the like, yet you have described it as inferior even to someone asleep. For a beloved who is unaware of the one who loves him because he is asleep may awaken and become aware of him, and may love him in return. It is well known that a beloved who can know and love the one who loves him is more perfect than someone asleep who neither knows nor loves him.
Yet you have said that no love for the one who loves it, no effect, and no act whatsoever can proceed from it. Aristotle and most of you have said that it has no awareness of love. Indeed, they may even say that it has no awareness of itself either. Is this not to ascribe to it a condition inferior even to that of someone asleep and other imperfect beings?!
[Twelfth Argument]
It may be said: If the First Principle is regarded as having the most perfect mode of existence possible for anything, then it is well known that, when existing things are divided into the living and the dead, the living are more perfect than the dead. When they are divided into those capable of being characterized by life and death and those incapable of either, whatever can be so characterized, such as an animal, is more perfect than whatever cannot, such as an inanimate object.
Likewise, when they are divided into those possessing knowledge, those that are ignorant, and those incapable of either—and into those possessing power, those that are powerless, and those incapable of either—whatever can possess either attribute is more perfect than whatever can possess neither. And whatever possesses knowledge and power is more perfect than whatever is ignorant and powerless.