And we have, praise be to Allah, explained elsewhere the answers to all the philosophers’ arguments and discussed them at length. We have shown how their reasoning can be invalidated in many ways, and how every group of Muslims can refute them with an answer combining its own position with that of another Muslim group. Thus, if they need either to agree with the eternalists that the celestial spheres are eternal, that Allah did not create the heavens and the earth in six days, and other such assertions that deny the truthfulness of the Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—or to agree with another Muslim group on some of its views that do not involve conveying anything on behalf of the Messenger, nor even contradict clear reason, then agreeing with a Muslim group on something that neither denies the Messenger’s truthfulness nor contradicts reason would be preferable to agreeing with the eternalists on something that denies the messengers’ truthfulness and contradicts clear reason.
This is among the considerations demonstrating that nothing in clear reason contradicts the texts authentically transmitted from the prophets—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon them. That is the purpose of this discussion.
[An example of answering the philosophers. Refuting their assertion that the world is eternal. Discussion of the impossibility of infinite regress]
An example of answering the philosophers.
Refuting their assertion that the world is eternal.
Discussion of the impossibility of infinite regress.
An example of the answers that can be given to these philosophers is to say:
Your first argument for the eternity of the world rests on two premises: that a contingent being must have a fully sufficient determining factor, and that an infinite regress is impossible. The term “infinite regress” is ambiguous, as discussed earlier.
Here, infinite regress means that temporally originated things as a class depend upon a temporally originated thing. There is agreement that this is impossible. Elsewhere, infinite regress refers to a regress in agents or in effects; and a regress in what makes agents fully operative is a form of regress in agents.