what he says about the future, he can also speak truthfully in what he says about the past. If his statement about the past cannot be true, neither can his statement about the future, for reason draws no distinction between the two. It does, however, distinguish between saying, ‘I will not give you until I have given you,’ and saying, ‘I never gave you without having already given you.’
Thus, if the ultimate recourse of speculative thinkers is rational analogy and comparison, yet the analogy they make the very foundation of the foundations of religion compares one thing to another from which it demonstrably differs in precisely the respect in which they equate them, then that analogy is clearly invalid.
This is one of their greatest foundations—or their greatest foundation—upon which they have based their denial of those acts and attributes of the Lord that they deny, and by which they have opposed the tidings and signs with which He sent His messengers.
The statement, ‘I will not give you until I have given you,’ is like saying, ‘I never gave you until I had given you.’ Here, a past act is negated until a past act occurs; there, a future act is negated until a future act occurs. Both are impossible, since each negates a thing until that very thing exists. In reality, this combines two contradictories, making a thing both existent and nonexistent.
It is as though someone said, ‘This does not exist until it itself exists.’ This entails its existence preceding its own existence—indeed, its existing while nonexistent. It has thus been made existent while nonexistent, which is manifestly impossible.
This is unlike saying, ‘I never gave you anything without having given you something beforehand,’ and, ‘I will not give you anything without giving you something afterward.’ This affirms an act of giving after every act of giving, and an act of giving before every act of giving. It therefore entails affirming a future event after every future event, and a past event before every past event. How, then, can the two cases be compared?