is firmly established and known to the addressee, as He, glorified be He, said:

“They do not bring you any argument without Our bringing you the truth and the best explanation.”
[Al-Furqān: 33]

Then He made clear His all-encompassing power by saying:

“When He wills a thing, His command is only to say to it, ‘Be,’ and it is.”
[Yā Sīn: 82]

This passage and others in the Quran contain profound insights and explanations of conclusive proofs concerning religious matters that cannot be discussed here. The purpose is merely to draw attention to them.

[The Quran Declares Allah Most High Free of Partners]

The same applies to what He, glorified be He, employs to declare Himself transcendent and holy, above the begetting they attribute to Him, whether they call it physical or intellectual. Such is the Christians’ claim that the Word—which they consider the substance of the Son—was begotten from Him, and the Sabian philosophers’ claim concerning the generation of the ten intellects and the nine celestial souls. Their position concerning these souls is unsettled: are they substances or accidents?

They may regard the intellects as males and the souls as females, making them their fathers and mothers, their gods and their immediate lords. They have clearer knowledge of the souls, since the existence of circular motion indicates voluntary motion, which in turn indicates a soul that imparts motion. Yet most of them consider the celestial souls to be an accident, not a self-subsisting substance.

This resembles the assertion of the Arab polytheists and others who attributed sons and daughters to Him. He, Most High, said:

“They have made the jinn partners with Allah, although He created them, and have falsely attributed sons and daughters to Him without knowledge. Glory be to Him, and exalted is He above what they describe.”
[Al-An‘ām: 100]

And He, Most High, said:

“Indeed, it is out of their falsehood that they say, ‘Allah has begotten,’ and they are certainly liars.”
[Al-Sāffāt: 151–152]