Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

and coming to an end are one and the same.

But one may say of it that one thing existed before another without end. An endpoint is thus denied with respect to its beginning, not with respect to the direction in which it has reached an endpoint.

It is also said to be infinite in a qualified sense, not absolutely, as he stated. For one of their principles is that an infinity whose existence is possible is that beyond which something always exists—that is, something to which additions can always be made. This is what he calls an infinity whose existence is possible: there is something outside it, and additions can always be made to it. Yet it admits additions only in the direction in which it has reached an endpoint. It is therefore finite in one direction and infinite in the other.

For this reason, it is permissible to say that it is not infinite, since it is finite in one direction; and it is permissible to say that it is infinite, since it is not finite in the other direction.

Hence we say that nothing enters into existence except that whose existence has come to an end. Yet it has not come to an end—and nothing comes to an end unless its existence had a beginning—for if events are assumed to continue perpetually, without beginning or end, then they have not come to an end. A person merely supposes that the past has come to an end; what has truly come to an end is that of which nothing remains.

If events are continuous, they have neither come to an end nor reached an endpoint, and thus have not entered into

والانقضاء واحد. ولكن يقال فيه: إنه وجد شيئاً قبل شيء إلى غير نهاية، فتكون النهاية مسلوبة عن ابتدائه، لا عن الجانب الذي انتهى إليه. ويقال: لا يتناهى مقيداً لا مطلقاً كما قال: لأن من أصولهم أن ما لا نهاية له الجائز وجودة، هو الذي يوجد أبداً شيء خارج عنه، أي يمكن أن يزاد عليه دائماً، فهذا يسميه ما لا نهاية له الجائز وجوده، وهو أن يكون خارجاً عنه شيء يمكن أن يزاد عليه دائماً، هو إنما يقبل الزيادة من الجهة التي تناهى منها، فهو متناه من احد الطرفين، غير متناه من الطرف الآخر. فلهذا جاز أن يقال: ليس هو مما لا يتناهى لتناهيه من جانب، ويجوز أن يقال: هو لا يتناهى لعدم تناهيه من الجانب الآخر. ولهذا نقول: إنه لا يدخل في الوجود إلا ما انقضى وجوده. وما انقضى _ ولا ينقضي إلا ما ابتدأ وجوده - لأنه إذا قدر أن الحوادث دائمة لم تزل ولا تزال فلم تنقض، وإنما يفرض الإنسان انقضاء الماضي فرضاً، وإنما المنقضي ما لم يبق فيه شيء. والحوادث إذا كانت مستمرة فما انقضت ولا انتهت، فما دخلت في

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