And another group said: Creation is identical with the created thing. This is the position of many of the Muʿtazilites, and of the Kullābiyyah, such as al-Ashʿarī and his followers, together with those who agree with them among the followers of al-Shāfiʿī, Ahmad, Mālik and others.
The point here is that, when they argued for the eternity of the world, they maintained that the Necessary Existent’s being a cause of the world is distinct from the essences of both: the two can be conceived without considering this causal relation; His being a cause is known, whereas His true nature is not; and being a cause is a relation between the two, and is therefore posterior to them and distinct from them.
He said:
“Causal action is not something negative, for it is the contradictory of our statement, ‘It is not a cause.’ If this existent reality originated in time, it would require a cause, whose being a cause would be something additional, entailing an infinite regress. If it is eternal—and it is a relational attribute whose realization together with its two relata is inconceivable—then its eternity necessarily follows.”
Al-Rāzī answered:
“Being a cause is not a positive attribute additional to the essence. Otherwise, it would require a cause, whose being a cause would be something additional, and an infinite regress would follow.”
I say: This answer accords with the position of those who say that creation is identical with the created thing, and that action, origination and creation are nothing but the occurrence of an effect separate from its agent, without any additional existent reality whatsoever.
Al-Urmawī then said:
“One might say that the infinite regress here is a regress of effects, because being a cause is a relational attribute whose conception depends upon the cause and the effect. It is therefore posterior to the effect, and consequently requires another instance of being a cause after the effect, so that every instance of being a cause is followed by another.”
He said:
“What is rejected, however, is an infinite regress of causes.”