Darʾ Taʿâroud al-ʿAql wa-n-NaqlIbn Taimiya

His words:

“We have sent down to you the Book as an explanation of all things.”

And His words:

“But a confirmation of what came before it and a detailed explanation of all things.”

And His words:

“Today I have perfected your religion for you.”

These and similar verses provide better evidence for this than His words:

“We have neglected nothing in the Book.”

For “the Book” here, according to the better-known of the two interpretations, is the Preserved Tablet, as indicated by the context:

“There is no creature on earth, nor any bird flying on its two wings, but they are communities like you. We have neglected nothing in the Book.”

Something may be present in revelation in the sense that the Quran points out the rational method, draws attention to it, explains it, and guides people to it. The Quran is full of this. Such a method is thus scriptural in that revelation guides people to it, and rational in that its soundness is recognized through reason. It therefore combines both qualities of perfection.

Furthermore, if revelation has indicated something or made it obligatory, and reason is assumed to provide something that agrees with it, this does no harm, even if that rational support may be dispensed with. Its soundness cannot be challenged merely because it is not needed.

As for the fact that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not require people to undertake rational inquiry and inference, this is conclusive evidence that the obligation can be fulfilled without the methods people have subsequently devised and introduced.

ذلك بقوله: {ونزلنا عليك الكتاب تبيانا لكل شيء} . وقوله: {ولكن تصديق الذي بين يديه وتفصيل كل شيء} . وقوله: {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم} ، ونحو ذلك مما فيه الاستدلال بذلك أجود من الاستدلال بقوله: {ما فرطنا في الكتاب من شيء} ، لأن الكتاب هنا في أشهر القولين - هو اللوح المحفوظ، كما يدل عليه السياق في قوله: {وما من دابة في الأرض ولا طائر يطير بجناحيه إلا أمم أمثالكم ما فرطنا في الكتاب من شيء} . وإذا كان الشيء موجوداً في الشرع، فذلك يحصل بأن يكون في القرآن الدلالة على الطريق العقلية والتنبيه عليها والبيان لها والإرشاد إليها. والقرآن ملآن من ذلك، فتكون شرعية بمعنى أن الشرع هدى إليها، عقلية بمعنى أنه يعرف صحتها بالعقل، فقد جمعت وصفي الكمال. وأيضاً فإذا كان الشرع قد دل على شيء أو أوجبه، وقدر أن في العقل ما يوافق ذلك، لم يضر ذلك، وإن كان قد يستغنى عنه، فلا يطعن في صحته للاستغناء عنه. وأما كون النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يطالب الناس بالنظر والاستدلال، فهذا دليل قاطع على أن الواجب متأدى بدون الطرق التي أحدثها الناس وأبدعها.

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